Consequences of Stress
A manager or an employee in an organization who is experiencing a high level of stress may develop high blood pressure, ulcers, irritability, difficulty in making routine decisions, loss of appetite, accident proneness, and the like. These can be subsumed under three general categories, physiological, psychological, and behavioral symptoms. Stress can give rise to a number of changes.
Some of these changes are highlighted below:
1. Physiological symptoms of Stress
The early research led to the conclusion that stress could create changes in metabolism, increase heart and breathing rates, increase blood pressure, bring on headaches, and induce heart attacks. However, the link between stress and particular physiological symptoms is not clear.
Physical Changes (the effects on the body)
The physiological changes in the body give rise to various diseases e.g., dryness of mouth, headache, pain in the abdomen, constipation, and increase in Blood Pressure. In adults, it is an important risk factor for ulcers, arthritis, high blood pressure, heart disease, and heart attacks.
2. Psychological Symptoms of Stress
Job-related stress can cause job-related dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction, in fact, is "the simplest and most obvious psychological effect" of stress. But stress shows itself in other psychological states - for instance, tension, anxiety, irritability, boredom, and procrastination. The research suggests that when people are placed in jobs in which there is a lack of clarity as to the incumbent's duties, authority, and responsibilities, both stress and dissatisfaction are caused.
Affective Changes (the effects on feelings)
These are emotional and subjective in nature. They manifest as anger including hostility, aggression, and fear. They are expressed through shouting, fighting, depression, or physical abuse. But physical illness can also result if emotions are suppressed.
3. Behavioral symptoms of Stress
Behaviorally related stress symptoms include, changes in productivity, absence, and turnover, as well as changes in eating habits, increased smoking or consumption of alcohol, rapid speech, fidgeting, and sleep disorders.
1. Behavioral Changes (the effects on actions)
There is a decline in the quantity of work. It also affects the quality of work. Motivation may decrease and apathy, lethargy, and lack of curiosity can develop. It can also result in frustration - the feeling of insecurity and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems and wants.
2. Burnout
The most important danger is what is called burnout- the complete exhausting of physical and intellectual resources caused by excessive efforts to attain certain unrealistic goals. Burnout is a gradual process that occurs over an extended period of time. It doesn't happen overnight, but it can creep up on you if you're not paying attention to the warning signals. The signs and symptoms of burnout are subtle at first, but they get worse and worse as time goes on.
3. Diseases
Unattended stress and consequent burnout may lead to illnesses. The diseases may be psychosomatic, physical, or mental in nature.
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